EIKEN CHEMICAL is a general manufacturer of clinical diagnostics, including immunological and serological, microbiological, clinical chemistry, urine analysis and genetic screening test. It also develops and sells medical devices.
It offers many products that occupy high market share including fecal immunochemical test that occupy about 60% of the domestic share, Urinalysis test, Microbiological test and so on. Its unique gene amplification technology, "LAMP", is highly recognized in the world. With the fecal immunochemical test reagents, urinalysis test strips and LAMP, EIKEN is aiming to become a global corporation.
【History】
1939 |
Established Koa Kagakukogyo Co., Ltd. and began manufacturing and sales of nourishing food articles and pharmaceuticals using livestock internal organs as raw materials. |
1949 |
First in Japan to successfully commercialize a powder medium (SS agar) for bacteriological examination. |
1961 |
Established Clinical Laboratory Division and began R&D on clinical diagnostics. |
1969 |
Company name changed to EIKEN CHEMICAL CO., LTD. in recognition of its 30th anniversary. |
1972 |
Commencement of the sales of "Uropaper EIKEN," a urine analysis test strip. |
1987 |
Commencement of the sales of "OC-hemodia" (visual determination method), the fecal immunochemical test reagent. |
1989 |
Commencement of the sales of "OC Sensor," the automated fecal immunochemical test analyzer. |
1990 |
Listed stock in the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. |
1992 |
Commencement of the sales of "US-2100," an automated urine analyzer. |
1998 |
Developed LAMP, the new innovative gene amplification technology, and filed patent applications. |
Apr. 2001 |
Began sales of in-house clinical reagents and devices. |
Mar. 2002 |
Listed stock in the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. |
Mar. 2002 |
Obtained patent for LAMP method in the U.S.A. |
Mar. 2002 |
Commencement of the sales of "Loopamp Bovine Embryo Sexing Kit," the first product to use the LAMP method, and of specialized equipment. |
May 2002 |
Obtained patent for LAMP method in Japan. |
Dec. 2003 |
Commencement of the sales of "Loopamp SARS Coronavirus Detection Test Kit" utilized with LAMP method. |
Nov. 2004 |
Acquired FDA approval for fecal immunochemical test reagents and analyzer and began sales in U.S. |
Jul. 2005 |
Entered into an agreement with the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) for joint development of a LAMP-based rapid genetic diagnostic test for tuberculosis. |
Feb. 2008 |
Developed successfully of simplified pretreatment method (PURE method) that was utilized for LAMP method, |
Oct. 2008 |
Entered into a new agreement with FIND for joint development of drugs and therapies against malaria, African sleeping sickness, and HIV. |
Mar. 2009 |
Established new management vision "EIKEN WAY" and "EIKEN ROAD MAP 2009." |
Jun. 2011 |
Commencement of the Japan sales of the "Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit" and "Loopamp PURE DNA Extraction Kit". |
Jun. 2011 |
Established a European office (now the European branch) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Dec. 2011 |
Entered into an agreement with FIND for joint development to treat and prevent leishmaniasis. |
Nov. 2012 |
Commencement of the sales of "Immuno Catch Noro" which uses the immunochromatographic analysis method. |
Mar. - Jul. 2013 |
Commencement of the sales of screening kits for BLEIA-1200: "BLEIA 'EIKEN' HCV Antibody," "BLEIA 'EIKEN' HCV Antigen," and "BLEIA 'EIKEN' HBs Antigen." |
Jan. 2014 |
Entered into an agreement with FIND for joint development to treat and prevent Chagas disease. |
Nov. 2014 |
Commencement of the sales of "OC Sensor-PLEDIA," the automated fecal immunochemical test analyzer. |
Jan. 2015 |
Developed next-generation compact fully automatic genetic testing device and multi-item testing chip, using the LAMP method. |
Feb, 2015 |
Commencement of the sales of "US-3500", a full-automated urine analyzer. |
Jan. 2016 |
Formed a tie-up with SYSMEX CORPORATION for the urine chemistry testing business in overseas markets. |
Aug. 2016 |
Acquired WHO (World Health Organization) recommendation for TB-LAMP. Formed a global sales alliance with HUMAN mbH for TB-LAMP, and malaria testing. |
Oct. 2016 |
Completion of a block of new urine analysis test strip producing plant. |
*For further information about the LAMP method and FIND, please refer to "2. Characteristics and Strengths (4) Competitive Advantages of the LAMP Method."
【Management Philosophy】
"Management Philosophy": Protect the health of the public through health care services.
"Management Vision": EIKEN group is dedicated to leveraging expertise as a medical testing pioneer in order to increase corporate value by protecting the health of the public with products and services that customers can trust.
"Motto": We EIKEN provide trustworthy quality, and develop with technology.
EIKEN group formulates "EIKEN WAY" as its attitude toward each stakeholder, centering these philosophy, vision and motto.
【Market Environment】
<Domestic Market>
The market scale of clinical reagents is about 351.0 billion yen and 589.7 billion yen (including research reagents and diagnostic devices) as of 2016 (survey by the Japan Association of Clinical Reagents Industries, or JACRI).
In order to control rising medical costs, the Japanese government is focusing on preventive medicine such as special health check-ups (metabolic check-ups) and cancer screenings. It is expected that this, along with the aging population, will lead to an increase in the number of samples (number of specimens).
Some negative factors include the impact of population decline as a result of decreasing birth rates and revision of medical treatment fees (reduction). However, the trends of laboratory test fees which had been subject to revision of insurance (medical laboratory test fees) show that, even though they were cut by some 40% from 1997 to 2006, the fees have been stable or only slightly reduced after 2007. (Laboratory test fee in fiscal 2018: -0.4%)
This is a result of advocacy on the importance of preventive medicine and clinical diagnostics by the entire industry including Eiken. Thus, in the mid to long term, the domestic market is expected to slightly grow by 2% each year.
Out of the 130 member companies (as of June 2018) of JACRI mentioned above, about 80 are manufacturers, and there are about 15 companies with over 10 billion yen in sales. Most of them are small to medium sized companies. Because the test items of diagnostic tests range widely, each company has its own field of strength, and business segregation is already established in the industry. As a result, collaboration, such as supplying raw materials and products from other companies and manufacturing and selling them, is often observed. Against such a backdrop, the market is modestly growing. Therefore, there is currently no apparent trend of weeding out uncompetitive corporations.
<Overseas Market>
The global clinical laboratory test reagent/device market is estimated to be US$ 62.3 billion and, by region, the market is occupied by the USA at 44%, followed by Europe at 29% and Asia at 17% (As of 2015).
The overseas market is over ten times larger than the domestic market. In developed countries, the number of tests is increasing as aging of population progresses. Furthermore, in emerging countries, the needs for medical services are expanding because of economic and income growth. As a result, the annual growth rate of overseas market is expected to be 7 to 8%, which is much higher than that of the domestic market. Therefore, the Japanese companies in the industry are vigorously undertaking globalization of their businesses.
In the global market, the global large companies such as Roche, Abbott, SIEMENS, and Beckman, whose sales are 200,000 to 900,000 million yen, are leading the market, and in order for Japanese companies to survive the competition, they must strengthen their competitiveness by, for example, developing unique products or systems.
【Business Description】
1. What are Clinical Tests?
One type of clinical tests is the "Biological test" that directly examines the body using medical equipment such as X-ray, CT, MRI, electrocardiogram, and ultrasound. Another type of clinical tests is the
"Laboratory test" that examines biological samples (specimens) obtained from people such as blood, urine/feces, and cells.
The clinical test reagents made by EIKEN CHEMICAL are the ones used for medical laboratory tests. For example, they are used to test infectious diseases or to measure small amounts of blood contained in stool. They are made to support diagnosis. Most of these reagents are called in vitro diagnostics (IVD) and are regulated by the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act so reagent manufacturers file applications with PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency) and obtain its approval. Users include hospitals, clinics, medical offices, medical test centers that carry out tests commissioned by medical institutions, health screening centers, public health centers, and institutions for health research, and others.
2. Major Products
EIKEN CHEMICAL mainly manufactures and sells the following types of reagents and medical devices.
As they deal with a wide range of reagents, they not only sell their in-house products but also purchase and sell products from other companies.
Major in-house products include fecal immunochemical test reagents, microbiological reagents, immunological and serological reagents, urinalysis test strips, genetic testing reagents, etc. The sales ratio of in-house products to other companies' products is approximately 60:40. The gross profit margin is approximately 55% for in-house products and approximately 35% for other companies' products.
Fecal immunochemical test reagents
The major products for EIKEN CHEMICAL are reagents and sampling bottles for fecal immunochemical tests to specifically detect and measure human hemoglobin in feces as a colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis and are sold globally.
Immunological and serological reagents (excluding Fecal immunochemical test reagents)
EIKEN CHEMICAL develops, manufactures, and sells reagents for various tests, such as LZ Test EIKEN, a reagent for general-purpose automatic analyzers used for diagnosing rheumatism and inflammatory disorders and gauging the stomach health level (the ABC method). The company also procures reagents for fully automated enzyme immunoassay devices and reagents for automatic glycohemoglobin analyzers from Tosoh Corporation, and sells them.
Urinalysis test strips
EIKEN CHEMICAL develops, manufactures, and sells "UROPAPER III 'EIKEN'," a urinalysis test strip for testing various items such as occult blood, protein and glucose, as well as the "UROPAPER α III 'EIKEN'," a specialized test strip for fully automated urine analyzers.
Microbiological test reagents
Since its establishment, EIKEN CHEMICAL has been developing biological specimens as well as reagents for microbiological tests for food and environment in order to prevent infectious diseases and food poisoning. Currently, it develops, manufactures and sells various reagents that are effective for diagnosis and treatment of microorganism infection, such as mediums, powder mediums, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and rapid test reagents.
Clinical chemistry test reagents
EIKEN CHEMICAL develops, manufactures and sells reagents for clinical chemistry tests including "EXDIA XL 'EIKEN'" series that assist to measure and analyze biological components in blood serum and urine, with a focus on the test items that are related to lifestyle related diseases.
Equipment/ Culture mediums related to food and environment
EIKEN CHEMICAL sells reagents for microbiological tests on food to detect food poisoning bacteria as well as reagents for environmental microbiological tests and equipment and devices to measure contamination of work environments.
Molecular genetics (LAMP)
In 1998, EIKEN CHEMICAL developed and patented an innovative gene amplification technology called "LAMP." The LAMP is "simple, rapid, and accurate" and is a critical tool for Eiken's future global expansion of its business. (Details are described below)
Medical devices
EIKEN CHEMICAL sells various types of automated analyzers. They contract manufacturing specialized equipment that uses their in-house reagent. Since beginning sales of "OC Sensor" in 1989, they have worked continuously on technological innovation and quality improvement of this fecal immunochemical test analyzer. Also, they offer the "US," an automated urine analysis device that uses Eiken's proprietary image processing system, the "BLEIA-1200," a fully automated biochemistry photogenetic immunoassay device that was the world's first of its kind in the clinical testing field, and "Loopamp EXIA," a LAMP-based real time turbidity measuring device.
3. Sales structure
EIKEN CHEMICAL has 11 sales offices and 3 sales divisions in Japan. Its academic department supports sales promotion.
Out of 704 employees (consolidated) during FY 2018, about 300 belong to the sales department.
As for the sales channels for medical institutions such as hospitals, the Company's direct sales partners are medical wholesale companies, and it has businesses with almost all of the wholesale companies in the medical industry.
For overseas sales, EIKEN CHEMICAL has basically 1 agency per country, and the sales and maintenance are commissioned to the agencies.
EIKEN's products are exported to 39 countries (FY 2018). The high proportion of overseas sales is occupied by the sales in the USA, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Australia, South Korea, and Taiwan.
In addition to the Europe Branch in Amsterdam (the Netherlands), the Company is strengthening its manufacturing and sales structure through its consolidated subsidiary, "EIKEN CHINA CO., LTD.," as well as aiming to expand its businesses by setting a business office in China. In the future, it will explore the possibility of making the office as a local corporation, as the size expands.
The overseas sales for FY 2018 are 5,405 million yen, out of which 3,228 million yen, 59.7%, is from the sales of fecal immunochemical test reagents.
【ROE Analysis】
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The company had forecasted ROE of 7.0% for FY 2018, but the actual result was higher. This was because sales didn't reach the estimate, but profit exceeded the estimate, as capital investment was revised and R&D expenses were delayed to the next term.
EIKEN CHEMICAL sets ROE 9.2% as a target in FY March 2019 in its mid-term management plan.
The Company aims to fortify priority measures, including developing high value-added products, generating new businesses and new markets, improving further profitability and productivity through reducing COGs rate and SG&A rate.
Moreover, the Company plans to enhance overseas sales forces including increment of sakes staff especially, because it is needed to raise the in-house products rate from 60% to 70 or 80%.
【Characteristics and Strengths】
(1) Products that Occupy High Share in the Market
The share of Eiken's fecal immunochemical test reagents is ranked top (more than 60%) in the domestic market. Furthermore, many of their in-house products occupy high market share in the market, for example, urinalysis test strips occupying approximately 26% (ranked second) of the market, and microbiological reagents occupying approximately 16% (ranked fourth) of the market.
The background to how Eiken's fecal immunochemical test reagents have come to hold such a high share of the market includes that in 1987, Eiken began sales of "OC-Hemodia," a visual determination method fecal immunochemical test reagents, a product that more closely conformed to user needs when compared to competitor's products, and that in 1989 they adopted the latex photometric immunoassay method and began sales of "OC-Sensor," the world's first fully automated analyzer.
Also, the Health and Medical Service Act for the Aged was revised in 1992, making it possible to have fecal immunochemical test reagents as a method in colon cancer screening and diagnosis using public funds (no cost to the patient) which led to an accelerated spread and increased competition. But in 2001, Eiken began sales of the "OC-Sensor neo," with completely remodeled functions, which increased its market share.
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As for fecal immunochemical tests, Eiken will expand its business globally based on the above characteristics.
The immunochemical method used in Japan applies reagents that react only to human hemoglobin, and can process a large volume simultaneously.
Meanwhile, in other countries, reagents for the chemical method (Guaiac method) based on old measuring principles are still used, which presents accuracy challenges. In 2011, the test guidelines in Europe have finally begun recommending automated analyzers that use the immunochemical method. As a result, the market is beginning to undergo a dramatic change.
Furthermore, although the chemical method is also still common in the United States, which has the largest potential market, trends show a gradual shift toward the immunochemical method. Additionally, new guidelines on colorectal cancer screening by USPSTF (US Preventive Medicine Special Committee) was published in June 2016. These guidelines pointed that the immunization method is superior to the conventional chemical method and pursuantly, and assessed Eiken's fecal immunochemical test product, "the OC FIT-CHEK family of FITs" has the utmost inspection performance with high sensitivity and specificity. Besides, the large markets which are underdeveloping exist on the leading and emerging countries in Asia and South America.
Because the fecal immunochemical test market is a niche market, Japanese companies, the forerunners of the immunochemical method, own the most advanced technique, and hence Eiken's reagents and equipment are the global standard.
(2) Focusing on research and development
EIKEN CHEMICAL is focusing on research and development of unique technologies as a research and development corporation, and the development of original products that respond to customers' needs, using the unique technologies. The number of staff assigned for research and development is about 100.
The demand from the customers is higher quality of medicine. Specifically, they demand for higher differential diagnosis accuracy with high sensitivity and high quality and improved detection rate. In addition, easier usage will lead to reduction in the work of medical staff. Responding to such needs is critical.
Since its establishment in 1939, EIKEN CHEMICAL has accumulated unique technologies for manufacturing reagents. Their unique technologies are applied to the measuring principles of their devices such as fecal occult blood test analyzer, automated urine analyzer, and biochemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer " BLEIA " that are designed to optimize the performance of the reagents.
(3) Development of various types of products in various fields through alliance strategy
Because clinical test reagents have wide range of subjects and items, it is not possible for one company to develop, manufacture and sell all types of reagents. The other companies in the industry are focusing on the technologies and products that they are specialized in. However, as an integrated manufacturer of clinical test reagents, EIKEN CHEMICAL aims at stabilizing profit structure, expanding their own strengths through alliance strategy, and pursuing synergy effects such as complementing functions and acquiring new technologies, while dealing with a wide range of products and responding to the needs of customers and users such as medical institutions.
Another reason why they cover various types of products in various fields is that they believe that covering wide range of clinical tests is their social responsibility to protect the health of the public, as is stated in their management philosophy: "protect the health of the public through health care services".
(4) Competitive Advantages of the "LAMP"
Thus far the mainstream technology for amplifying genes as a process of gene tests has been what is called "PCR" Under such circumstances, in 1998, EIKEN CHEMICAL developed a unique technology called the "LAMP."
Compared to the PCR, the "LAMP" offers the following superior characteristics and allows users to carry out simple, rapid and accurate gene tests.
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Currently in the medical field, the LAMP is used to diagnose infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, mycoplasma (a genus of bacteria, it can also cause pneumonia), legionella, pertussis, etc.
EIKEN CHEMICAL is making focused efforts on infectious disease diagnostic test in order to establish the status of the LAMP. At the same time, it is promoting the use of the LAMP in other fields such as food production and processing, environment, agriculture/veterinary in order to spread and enhance recognition of the LAMP. In fact, the LAMP-based products have been commercialized one after another since 2002.
Furthermore, for the same purposes, EIKEN CHEMICAL is actively giving licenses to external companies in order to build the LAMP camp.
One of the major actions to spread the LAMP in the world is an alliance with
"FIND."
"FIND" stands for "Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics" and is a non-profit organization recognized by the Swiss government, launched at a meeting of the United Nations World Health Assembly in May 2003. In its initial five years of existence, it received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to start up their activities.
Their goal is to develop and introduce affordable, simple and advanced diagnostic tests in order to eradicate infectious diseases in developing countries.
FIND's scope of activities includes tuberculosis, malaria, and African sleeping disease. With tuberculosis, collaborative research between EIKEN CHEMICAL and FIND for a tuberculosis test using the LAMP began in July 2005. The purpose of this research is to improve the accuracy of tests by replacing the microscopy test (sputum smear test), which is the current practice in developing countries.
As a result of this collaboration, improvements which are not possible with the conventional PCR such as simplified pretreatment (PURE), improved reagents storage (store at room temperature) and simplified devices have been made to enable the developing countries to carry out the procedure (TB-LAMP).
This LAMP-based product was already launched in Japan in 2011.
After that, in order to obtain endorsement from the WHO (World Health Organization), FIND has completed its clinical evaluation in 14 developing countries and submitted this information to the WHO.
In consequence, the company has acquired the recommendation by WHO as an evaluation replaces with microscopic examination or as an inspection reinforcing microscopic examination in August 2016.
According to a report on global tuberculosis announced by WHO in November, 2017, the number of patients suffering from tuberculosis in 202 countries all over the world in 2016 was 10.4 million, an increase of 0.8 million from 9.6 million in 2014. Additionally, the number of deceases was 1.7 million, an increase of 0.2 million from 1.5 million in 2014.
Most of them are inferred as matters of undiagnosed or untreated, and WHO indicates "the enforcement of countermeasures for the countries where access to diagnosis and treatment is not yet maintained is demanded".
Following these situations, the company expects that dissemination and penetration of TB - LAMP contribute greatly to solve these problems.
In addition to tuberculosis and other diseases listed above, EIKEN CHEMICAL and FIND also conduct collaborative research of reagents for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.
Also, EIKEN CHEMICAL is developing a next-generation compact fully automated genetic testing device and multi-item testing chip using the LAMP "Simprova". This equipment fully automates the process from specimen preprocessing (nucleic acid extraction and purification) to amplification and detection. By developing the unique protocol that exploits the LAMP's characteristics, the operation time that used to take over 2 hours with a conventional high purity nucleic acid extraction and purification device and an amplification and detection device combined, is now shortened to less than an hour. First, a clinical performance test will be carried out with the goal of simultaneous detection of several respiratory infection causing germs but the usage application is extensive.
It is anticipated that through these products, EIKEN CHEMICAL will accelerate the spread of the LAMP and establish its position as the global standard in a newly created market.
Gene amplification technology
Since the amount of genes found in a genetic test sample is extremely small, in order to detect genes, the targeted gene must be amplified first of all. Gene amplification technology, therefore, is crucially important for genetic testing.
African trypanosomiasis
An endemic found in tropical Africa, African trypanosomiasis is a serious tropical disease transmitted to HUMAN mbH by a protozoa called Trypanosoma brucei. The disease is transmitted by a tsetse fly. Trypanosoma in HUMAN mbH blood sucked by a tsetse fly develops and propagates inside the HUMAN mbH body in 2 to 5 weeks, before turning itself into a terminal Trypanosoma-type, which becomes a source of next round of infection. The disease causes fever, headache, and vomiting, and the patient falls into constant sleep. Since the patient cannot take meals, he or she becomes thin and complain of generalized weakness and, in many cases, leads to a complication and dies.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by a protozoa called leishmania, and has various types such as visceral leishmaniasis (also known as black fever), Brazilian leishmaniasis that affects skin and mucous membranes, and tropical leishmaniasis which affects skin. All of these types are transmitted by blood-sucking insects, especially sandflies. Visceral leishmaniasis, after about three months incubation period, causes fever, sweating, diarrhea, etc. and, in about one month, causes a swollen liver and spleen, the patient develops an anemia and becomes weak if untreated, and may die in half a year to two years.
Chagas disease
Found in southern U.S. as well as Central and South America, Chagas disease is an infectious disease transmitted by Reduviidae, a kind of blood-sucking Triatominae. The disease does not develop symptoms immediately after infection; it usually has a latency period of about 30 years. It causes symptoms such as inflammation of sinews, liver and spleen, myalgia, myocarditis, cardiomegalia, encephalomyelitis, cardiac disturbance.